Protection of Child Air Passengers Under Airline Unaccompanied Minor Services
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48171/dejure.v7i1.240Keywords:
child protection, air transport, unaccompanied minor, airlineAbstract
This study aims to analyze: (1) the legal regulations governing the accompaniment of children by non-guardians during air travel in Indonesia; and (2) airline liability regarding criminal acts occurring during such accompaniment. The study employs the Legal Protection Theory (as articulated by Satjipto Rahardjo and Philipus M. Hadjon) and the Legal Liability Theory (Hans Kelsen). It utilizes a normative juridical research method incorporating statute, conceptual, and case approaches. Regarding primary legal materials, Article 134 of Law Number 1 of 2009 grants children under the age of 12 the right to receive special services and facilities from commercial air transport entities; meanwhile, technical regulations under Ministry of Transportation Regulation Number 30 of 2021 mandate that airlines provide personnel to handle Unaccompanied Minors throughout the pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight stages, including during transit or transfer processes. A qualitative-prescriptive analysis of legal materials is conducted to generate legal arguments and formulations capable of providing optimal protection for children. A comparison is drawn with previous research by Sartika Yuli (2020)—a thesis titled "Legal Analysis Regarding Aircraft Passengers Concerning Domestic Flight Departure Delays at Kualanamu International Airport, Deli Serdang"—which established that legal protection for passengers is grounded in Law Number 8 of 1999, Law Number 1 of 2009, and Ministry of Transportation Regulation Number 30 0f 2021 juncto Ministry of Transportation Regulation Number 185 of 2015; these regulations require airlines to provide compensation based on the delay category, ranging from the provision of food and beverages to ticket refunds or flight rerouting.
The author's research findings indicate a lack of alignment between child protection norms in the Aviation Law and the technical regulations and operational policies of airlines, as well as regarding the limits of airline liability in the event of a criminal act committed against a child. In principle, an airline cannot be held criminally liable automatically simply because a criminal act is committed against a child by another party.
However, an airline may face legal liability in the event of a breach of legal obligations, negligent supervision, failure to execute "Unaccompanied Minor" procedures, failure to carry out verification and handover processes, or failure to conduct the risk assessment mandated by regulations. Ministry of Transportation Regulation Number 30 of 2021 specifically designates risk assessment as an integral part of services for unaccompanied minors to prevent human trafficking. Findings indicate that the ideal liability model employs a case-specific approach: criminal liability for the perpetrator; civil liability for damages resulting from service failure or negligence; and administrative liability for the airline in the event of a violation of flight service standards.
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