LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE LIMITATIONS OF AUTHORITY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SANCTIONS FOR THE RETURN OF STUDENTS BASED ON A POINT SYSTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48171/dejure.v7i1.235Keywords:
authority, sanctions, return, students, point systemAbstract
This research aims to conduct a juridical analysis of the regulations regarding the right to education and the implementation of sanctions involving the return of students to their parents or guardians based on a point system within the National Education System. It also seeks to theoretically analyze the legal construction regarding the limits of authority in applying such sanctions. The point system serves as a disciplinary tool that accumulates values for rule violations; upon reaching a certain threshold, it can result in the sanction of returning the student to their parents or guardians. Legal issues arise when this mechanism leads to the cessation of a student's education, given that national education regulations do not designate point accumulation as a basis that automatically justifies the termination of educational services. This study employs Stroink’s Theory of Authority and Gustav Radbruch’s Theory of Legal Certainty.
The methodology is normative-juridical—specifically doctrinal legal research—and is prescriptive in nature, formulated through arguments and recommendations regarding the appropriate legal construction for sanction application. It utilizes statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, referencing Supreme Court Decision No. 07/G/2015/PTUN-BNA and Samarinda Administrative Court Decision No. 7/G/2019/PTUN.Smd. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 20 of 2003, Government Regulation No. 57 of 2021, and Regulation of the Minister of Basic and Secondary Education No. 6 of 2026. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through interpretation and legal argumentation. Previous research by Adil Firmansyah (2023), titled Evaluation Study on the Implementation of the Point System for Student Discipline at SMAN 2 Bukik Barisan Lima Puluh Kota, examined the application of the point system as a disciplinary instrument at the high school level using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. Does it align with established regulations and theories (particularly behaviorist theory), and to what extent is it effective in improving student discipline?
Research findings indicate that the right of students to receive an education is rooted in Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and further elaborated in Law Number 20 of 2003. The framework governing the authority to impose sanctions involving the return of students—based on a point system—must adhere to four primary limitations: limits on authority, substantive limits, procedural limits, and limits regarding the protection of the right to education. The study reveals that the point system serves as a disciplinary instrument that is tiered, restorative, and proportional; it prioritizes the best interests of the child and guarantees the continuity of the right to education.
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