CONSTRUCTION OF AUTHORITY TO INVESTIGATE CRIMINAL ACTS ILLEGAL LOGGING ACROSS PROVINCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48171/dejure.v7i1.231Keywords:
Authority , investigation, Criminal Offense, Illegal Logging, Inter-ProvincialAbstract
This research aims to conduct a juridical analysis of the boundaries of investigative authority between police investigators and Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS)—specifically regarding: a) the authority of police investigators over the crime of illegal logging; and b) the authority of PPNS investigators over the crime of illegal logging—as well as a theoretical analysis of the legal formulation concerning illegal logging crimes that cross provincial boundaries. The study employs Hans Kelsen’s Theory of Authority, the Administrative-Territorial Theory (principles of ratione loci and locus delicti) as articulated by Philipus M. Hadjon and Moeljatno, and Max Weber’s theory of Rational-Legal Bureaucracy. The research utilizes normative-juridical and doctrinal methods with a prescriptive nature, employing the following approaches: the statute approach, to critically examine the relationships and normative conflicts between the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Law No. 18 of 2013 (UU P3H), as well as to analyze normative shifts within Law No. 6 of 2023 and Law No. 1 of 2023 juncto Law No. 1 of 2026; the conceptual approach, to understand concepts such as illegal logging, locus delicti, and the Integrated Criminal Justice System; and the cases approach, to conduct an in-depth analysis of legal facts and judicial reasoning in court rulings that have attained permanent legal force : Supreme Court Decision Number 1597 K/Pid.Sus-LH/2020 and Supreme Court Decision Number 121 K/Pid.Sus-LH/2024. Primary legal materials consist of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), Law Number 2 of 2002, and Law Number 41 of 1999—in conjunction with the Law on the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction (UU P3H) as amended under the Job Creation regime—along with implementing regulations concerning the status and authority of Civil Servant Investigators. The analysis of legal materials employs a qualitative-prescriptive approach using grammatical and systematic interpretation techniques to formulate a construction of investigative authority capable of addressing the characteristics of cross-provincial illegal logging crimes. Previous research—specifically the 2022 thesis by Dodyx Bremierdika titled "Law Enforcement Against Illegal Logging Crimes in the Jurisdiction of the Blora Resort Police"—examined law enforcement regarding illegal logging cases within the Blora Resort Police jurisdiction, as well as policies regarding the formulation of the offense and the application of sanctions. The results of this study indicate that National Police investigators and Forestry Civil Servant Investigators possess distinct yet complementary investigative powers, rather than powers that are entirely independent or mutually exclusive. National Police investigators derive their authority from criminal procedural law and their institutional mandate, whereas PPNS officials obtain specific authority under sectoral legislation within the scope of their forestry-related duties and responsibilities. Regarding the crime of forest destruction, the Law on the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction (UU P3H) empowers PPNS officials to investigate offenses falling within the law's scope. Crimes involving illegal logging—spanning logging sites, transport routes, storage facilities, processing plants, and markets for forest products—may occur across different jurisdictions. Consequently, an approach to authority based solely on administrative boundaries risks fragmenting the investigation. The study concludes that the framework for investigative authority should be constructed based on the concept of a unified criminal transaction (single criminal transaction), rather than relying merely on the location where evidence is discovered or where a specific stage of the criminal act took place.
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